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Sagalyn, Lynne Beyer. "Housing on the installment plan: an economic and institutional analysis of contract buying in Chicago." Diss. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1980.

Sanborn Map Company. 1950. “Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Lexington, Fayette County, Kentucky.” Map 3954. https://www.loc.gov/item/sanborn03200_007/.

Schein, Richard. 2009. “Belonging through Land/scape.” Environment and Planning 41, no. 4: 821.

------2012. “Urban Form and Racial Order.” Urban Geography 33, no.7: 942–60.

Schneider, Krista L. 2007. “Negotiating the Image of the Inner Bluegrass.” Landscape Journal 26, no.1: 134–50. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43323759.

Schwab, Katherine. 2018. “The Racist Roots of ‘Urban Renewal’ and How It Made Cities Less Equal." Fast Company, January 4, 2018.  https://www.fastcompany.com/90155955/the-racist-roots-of-urban-renewal-and-how-it-made-cities-less-equal.

Scott, Andrew, Heather Holst and Sidsel Grimstad. 2022. "More affordable housing with less homelessness is possible, if only Australia would learn from Nordic nations." Phys.org, April 29, 2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-04-housing-homelessness-australia-nordic-nations.html

Seals, Alvin Morris. 1963. "A Typology of Voluntary Associations: A Study of  Negro Organizations in Lexington." Master's thesis, University of Kentucky.

Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 US 1 (1948).

Shelton, Taylor. 2017. Mapping a Segregated City: The Growth of Racially/Ethnically Concentrated Poverty & Affluence in Lexington, 1970-2014. Report for the Lexington Fair Housing Council. https://lexingtonfairhousing.com/mapping-a-segregated-city/.

------2018. “Rethinking the RECAP: Mapping the Relational Geographies of Concentrated Poverty and Affluence in Lexington, Kentucky.” Urban Geography 39, no. 7: 1070–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2018.1433927.

Shropshire, Laurence. 1939. “Worthy Slum Clearance Project to Be Accomplished If Chosen Site Is Provided for Field House at U.K.” Lexington Leader, June 23, 1939

Silver, Christopher. 1997. “The Racial Origins of Zoning in American Cities.” In Urban Planning and the African American Community: In the Shadows, edited by June Manning Thomas and Marsha Ritzdorf, 23-42. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.  

Slater, Gene. 2021. Freedom to Discriminate: How Realtors Conspired to Segregate Housing and Divide America. Berkeley: Heyday Books.

Smith, Gerald L. 2002. Lexington, Kentucky. Black America Series. Mount Pleasant, SC: Arcadia Publishing

Smith, Marquita. 1999. “Open to Adventure." Lexington Herald-Leader, June 21, 1999.

------ 1999. “Residents Savor Pralltown’s Revival.” Lexington Herald-Leader, September 15, 1999.

Smith, Peter C., and Karl B. Raitz. 1974. “Negro Hamlets and Agricultural Estates in Kentucky’s Inner Bluegrass.” Geographical Review 64, no.2: 217–34. https://doi.org/10.2307/213811.

Story, Ben, Jr. 1978. Interview by Marguerite Ruttle, June 27, 1978, Blacks in Lexington Oral History Project, Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History, University of Kentucky Libraries. https://kentuckyoralhistory.org/ark:/16417/xt7dv40jwn2m

Taylor, Dorceta E. 2014. Toxic Communities: Environmental Racism, Industrial Pollution, and Residential Mobility. NY: New York University Press. 

Taylor, Keeanga-Yamahtta. 2019. Race for Profit: How Banks and the Real Estate Industry Undermined Black Homeownership. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Templin, Edwards M. 1941. “Lexington Suburbs Add 816 Homes in 20-Month Period: Local Building at New High.” Sunday Herald-Leader, June 12, 1941.

Thomas, Huw. 1998. Review of Urban Planning and the African American Community: In the Shadows by June Manning Thomas and Marsha Ritzdorf. Urban Studies 35 (12): 2378–80.

Thompson, Cheryl W., Christina Kim, Natalie Moore, Roxana Popescu, and Corinne Ruff. 2021. "Racial Covenants, a Relic of the Past, Are Still on the Books across the Country." Morning Edition, National Public Radio. November 17, 2021. https://www.npr.org/2021/11/17/1049052531/racial-covenants-housing-discrimination

Tipton, Jerry. 2019. “Kentucky Exhibition Game Friday Serves to Commemorate, Celebrate.” Lexington Herald-Leader, October 31, 2019. 

Tipton, Jerry. 2019. “UK to Celebrate 70 Years of Integration at Exhibition Game.” Lexington Herald-Leader, November 1, 2019.

Tompkin, Anastasia Reesa. 2021. “How Residential Segregation Creates a Caste System in America.” Nonprofit Quarterly Online Newsletter, December 16, 2021. (Review of  Cashin, Sheryll. 2021. White Space, Black Hood.)  https://nonprofitquarterly.org/how-residential-segregation-creates-a-caste-system-in-america/.

US Census Bureau. 1972. 1970 Census of Population and Housing: Census Tracts, Lexington, Kentucky.  https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1970/phc-1/39204513p10ch15.pdf

U.S. Census Bureau. 2021. "Quick Facts: Lexington-Fayette Urban County, Kentucky." https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/lexingtonfayetteurbancountykentucky,KY/PST045221/

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US Commission on Civil Rights. 1973. Understanding Fair Housing. Clearinghouse Publication 42. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED075565.pdf.

US Federal Housing Administration. 1938. Underwriting Manual: Underwriting and Valuation Procedure under Title II of the National Housing Act. https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/Federal-Housing-Administration-Underwriting-Manual.pdf

US Works Projects Administration. 1939. Real Property Survey of Lexington, Kentucky and Its Suburbs. (Lexington Public Library Digital Archives. https://www.lexpublib.org/digital-archives/

University of Kentucky College of Architecture. 1975. Pralltown Development Study. Conducted for the Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government. Available in the Lexington Public Library Digital Archives. https://www.lexpublib.org/digital-archives

Vandiver, Bailey. 2020. “Lexington’s East End: A Changing Neighborhood.” Kentucky Kernel, March 26, 2020.

Woestendiek, John. 1978. "Few Blacks Sell Real Estate Locally." Lexington Leader, May 4, 1978.

------1980. "Valley of Neglect." Lexington Leader, December 19, 1980.  "A special publication of the Lexington Leader." Reprinted in Davis Bottom History Preservation Project: https://www.kentuckyarchaeologicalsurvey.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/LL_Valley_pp1_12_reduced.pdf.

Wolcott, Marion Post. New Homes in Lexington. 1940. Library of Congress. https://www.loc.gov/item/2017804605/  Accessed 2020.

Woods, Louis Lee II. 2013. "Almost No Negro Veteran Could Get a Loan: African Americans, the GI Bill, and the NAACP Campaign Against Residential Segregation, 1917-1960." Journal of African American History, 98, no. 3 (Summer): 392-417. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5323/jafriamerhist.98.3.0392 

Wright, George C. 1980. "A personal perspective on housing discrimination : the experience and observations of a native son in Lexington, Ky." In For the Record: Fair Housing Laws and Social Reality. Lexington: League of Women Voters, 10-15. Lexington: League of Women Voters. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OMjGhTw3dZ-OjNOQzzY7nl4ljpBw-Gc6/view

Wright, George C. 1992. A History of Blacks in Kentucky, Vol. 2, In Pursuit of Equality, 1890-1980. Frankfort: Kentucky Historical Society. 

Wright, Will. 2016. “Fighting to Recognize UK’s First Black Employee.” Kentucky Kernel, February 7, 2016.

Zoning Ordinance of Lexington-Fayette County, Kentucky. 2022. Article 8 – Schedule of Zones. March 22, 2022 version. https://library.municode.com/ky/lexington-fayette_county/codes/zoning_ordinance?nodeId=ZONING_ORDINANCE_ART8SCZO


Where to find materials we have cited 


Academic journal articles

JSTOR.ORG is "a digital library for the intellectually curious," where you can search for articles to download or read online. University faculty and students can usually gain access through their academic libraries. Independent researchers can subscribe for access to free content, plus another 100 articles per month (upgraded from 6 per month during the COVID crisis). To learn more and subscribe, go to jstor.org. If we have found an article through jstor.org we usually provide the link.

For other articles we obtained online we have included a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) but we don't promise every such article is still available online.

University of Kentucky Libraries. Many academic articles are available through the UK libraries' Infokat: https://libraries.uky.edu/. You can read and download some articles from home; for others, you need to be physically on campus. Community members who are 18 or over can also check out books with a community borrower's card.

 Local government documents

Most of the older items are available through the Lexington Public Library Digital Archive. To start, go to https://www.lexpublib.org/digital-archives. About halfway down the page is a search box where you can search by keyword. In the reference list we have noted the items we retrieved from the digital archive. 

Most of the more recent government and organization reports are available online, and we have provided the URLs. 

Lexington newspaper articles

Lexington Public Library provides several ways to find newspaper articles. Start by going to https://www.lexpublib.org/kyroom, then scroll down to "Local History" near the bottom of the page. There you will find Kentucky News Source (several newspapers and other media), Lexington Herald-Leader (full text articles 1983 to present, and Lexington Herald-Leader Digital Issues (articles in original printed format September 2017 to present). You will also find a link to the invaluable Local History Index, which offers citations to local newspaper articles from 1787 to 2007.  The actual newspapers are available on microfilm at the library, or you can request up to four photocopies at a time to receive by email.